Windows Check Disk Command Overview & Use . .

Windows XP chkdsk


chkdsk.exe

In Windows XP you can perform error checking on hard drives by using the chkdsk.exe command line utility. Chkdsk will verify and repair (optional) the integrity of the file system on any chosen volume. I encourage ALL users to run this utility on a regular basis (at least once a month.) This utility should also be one of the first steps in troubleshooting a failing hard drive...

 Windows XP Chkdsk - How To Using The Command Line...

When Windows XP encounters a problem and has to shut down, perhaps there is a power cut, a motherboard problem etc.. The operating system will "flag" the volume as "dirty" and attempt to check it on reboot.

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NB - You can manually check the state of the dirty flag for your C: drive.
To do this at the Command Prompt type : fsutil dirty query c:

The response should be Volume - c: is NOT Dirty

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However, you the computer user can manually run the chkdsk command to check for problems.

To do this:

Step One: Click Start, select Run

Step Two: In the box, type cmd

Step Three: Click Ok

Step Four: Run the chkdsk utility by typing in the following command:

chkdsk c:

..or

chkdsk c: /f /r

NOTE: The /f command automatically fixes any errors encountered, the /r command locates bad sectors and recovers readable information.

NOTE: I am also assuming the drive you wish to check is the C: drive.

Step Five: A reboot is normally required for the chkdsk program to lock the disk and run correctly (this is typical on machines that have only one volume), so simply restart the computer and chkdsk will run automatically. When it's finished, (This process can take quite a while depending on the size of your disk, etc.), it will boot back to normal Windows.

On Rebooting the PC you will see the disk being checked.

This process can take up to an hour!

Windows XP Chkdsk - How To Using The Graphical Version...

In addition to the command line utility detailed above. It is possible to access a graphical version of the Windows XP chkdsk.

To do this:

Step One: Open "My Computer", RIGHT click on the C drive icon, choose "Properties".

Step Two: When that loads, click on the "Tools" tab, then click on the "Check Now" button in the "Error Checking" section.

Step Three: When that little window loads, place a CHECK in BOTH boxes, then click on "Start Now".

Step Four: A message will pop up saying that Error Checking will run after you restart the computer, so......Restart the computer. Error Checking will run automatically after the restart and it locks you out from doing anything until it's finished. It takes a little time to perform the task but after it's finished, it will restart into Windows automatically.

 

More Options...

This article is only a basic introduction to using the Windows XP Chkdsk utility. In real life it is actually far more in depth than this. For instance when Windows XP reboots after initiating Chkdsk it is actually Autochk.exe that runs on reboot!

Because Autochk.exe can be controlled by setting or resetting registry settings, it is possible to programmatically schedule volumes for repair using Regini scripts.

These topics are beyond the scope of the average user so I do not discuss them here.

More information on windows xp chkdsk can be found at: 

An explanation of CHKDSK and the new /C and /I switches


I hope this article on the Windows xp chkdsk tool was useful?

How to Increase Internet Connection Speed

Has your Internet connection speed slowed down? Are you not getting the full speed your paying for? Here are a few easy steps to increase the speed of your Internet connection!

Things You'll Need:

• Computer
• Internet connection
• Web browser
• ISP telephone number

Instructions

1. Find out from your Internet Service Provider (ISP) what Internet connection speed your paying for. Make sure the speed your paying for is the speed programmed in their network.
2. 
   
   
    
   Test your Internet connection speed. You can do this by going to one of these speed test websites: Speakeasy.net/speedtest or Speedtest.net. Record your results.
   
   
   
3. Compare the speeds from step one and step two. If your getting the speed your paying for go no further. If your not, go to the next step.
4. 
   
   
    
   Disable web-browser Add-ons that can slow down your Internet connection speed. Check to see if you have multiple web browser Add-ons operating with your browser. For example, if your web browser is Internet Explorer, go to Tools, select Manage Add-ons, and look at what Add-ons are enabled. Disable the ones you do not want to use.
   
   
   
5. Run anti-virus, adware, spyware, and malware scans. All of these, if found on your computer, could negatively affect your Internet connection speed.
6.  Run Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter from your System Tools menu.
7. 
   
   
    
   Download TCP Optimizer software to optimize your computers MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) values, RWIN (Receive Window) values, and broadband related registry keys. The most popular and FREE TCP Optimizer that I found is called "SG TCP Optimizer". You can download it at CNET: http://www.download.com/SG-TCP-Optimizer/3000-2155_4-10488572.html?tag=lst-1 or at PCWORLD: http://www.pcworld.com/downloads/file/fid,68524-order,1-page,1/description.html.
   
   
   
8. 
   
   
    
   Retest your Internet connection speed by going to one of these speed test websites: Speakeasy.net/speedtest or Speedtest.net. Record and compare these results with the results obtained from steps one and two.
   

Tips & Warnings

• Remember, depending on what medium and ISP your using, your Internet connection speed can vary. For example, DSL speeds can be negatively affected by distance and the quality of your phone line. Cable speeds can be negatively affected by the quality of the coax and the amount of users sharing the Internet connection with you. In FTTC (Fiber To The Curb) & FTTP (Fiber To The Premise) applications, the quality of the coax/Cat5 network between your computer and the ISP's fiber network, could affect connection speeds.

• Make sure you understand how TCP Optimizer software interacts with your computer. Read the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's) link.

Cloud Computing

The New Technology- Cloud Computing

What is Cloud Computing?
The cloud is a virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself

Cloud computing is becoming one of the next industry buzz words. It joins the ranks of terms including: grid computing, utility computing, virtualization, clustering, etc.

Cloud computing overlaps some of the concepts of distributed, grid and utility computing, however it does have its own meaning if contextually used correctly. The conceptual overlap is partly due to technology changes, usages and implementations over the years.

Trends in usage of the terms from Google searches shows Cloud Computing is a relatively new term introduced in the past year. There has also been a decline in general interest of Grid, Utility and Distributed computing. Likely they will be around in usage for quit a while to come. But Cloud computing has become the new buzz word driven largely by marketing and service offerings from big corporate players like Google, IBM and Amazon.

The term cloud computing probably comes from (at least partly) the use of a cloud image to represent the Internet or some large networked environment. We don’t care much what’s in the cloud or what goes on there except that we depend on reliably sending data to and receiving data from it. Cloud computing is now associated with a higher level abstraction of the cloud. Instead of there being data pipes, routers and servers, there are now services. The underlying hardware and software of networking is of course still there but there are now higher level service capabilities available used to build applications. Behind the services are data and compute resources. A user of the service doesn’t necessarily care about how it is implemented, what technologies are used or how it’s managed. Only that there is access to it and has a level of reliability necessary to meet the application requirements.

In essence this is distributed computing. An application is built using the resource from multiple services potentially from multiple locations. At this point, typically you still need to know the endpoint to access the services rather than having the cloud provide you available resources. This is also know as Software as a Service. Behind the service interface is usually a grid of computers to provide the resources. The grid is typically hosted by one company and consists of a homogeneous environment of hardware and software making it easier to support and maintain. (note: my definition of a grid is different from the wikipedia definition, but homogeneous environments in data centers is typically what I have run across). Once you start paying for the services and the resources utilized, well that’s utility computing.

Cloud computing really is accessing resources and services needed to perform functions with dynamically changing needs. An application or service developer requests access from the cloud rather than a specific endpoint or named resource. What goes on in the cloud manages multiple infrastructures across multiple organizations and consists of one or more frameworks overlaid on top of the infrastructures tying them together. Frameworks provide mechanisms for:

•self-healing
•self monitoring
•resource registration and discovery
•service level agreement definitions
•automatic reconfiguration

The cloud is a virtualization of resources that maintains and manages itself. There are of course people resources to keep hardware, operation systems and networking in proper order. But from the perspective of a user or application developer only the cloud is referenced. The Assimilator project is a framework that executes across a heterogeneous environment in a local area network providing a local cloud environment. In the works is the addition of a network overlay to start providing an infrastructure across the Internet to help achieve the goal of true cloud computing.

not a professional, "neta bano"

Have a look at this
Salary & Govt. Concessions for a Member of Parliament (MP)

Monthly Salary : 12,000
Expense for Constitution per month : 10,000
Office expenditure per month : 14,000
Traveling concession (Rs. 8 per km) : 48,000 ( eg.For a visit from kerala to Delhi & return: 6000 km)
Daily DA-TA during parliament meets : 500/day


Charge for 1 class (A/C) in train: Free (For any number of times)
(All over India )


Charge for Business Class in flights : Free for 40 trips / year (With wife or P.A.)


Rent for MP hostel at Delhi : Free


Electricity costs at home : Free up to 50,000 units


Local phone call charge : Free up to 1 ,70,000 calls.


TOTAL expense for a MP [having no qualification] per year : 32,00,000 [ i.e . 2.66 lakh/month]


TOTAL expense for 5 years : 1,60,00,000
For 534 MPs, the expense for 5 years :
8,54,40,00,000 (nearly 855 crores)


AND THE PRIME MINISTER IS ASKING THE HIGHLY QUALIFIED, OUT PERFORMING CEOs TO CUT DOWN THEIR SALARIES..


This is how all our tax money is been swallowed and price hike on our regular commodities.......

And this is the present condition of our country:



855 crores could make their life livable !!
Think of the great democracy we have.............

on the front the govt. say's we fulfill the requirement of electricity & water to public......??

but what they can serve to us......??



What the Govt. We make by Voting...process.....????


Use the 1969 act, section 49-O-------->which gives the right for 'Not to vote' or ' I VOTE NOBODY' ?

Think again...............!!